InfinityCosmos

Month: March 2022

  • In the Small Magellanic Cloud, a massive star explodes as a supernova.

    The Small Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy located 210,000 light-years away from the Milky Way, is visible in the Southern Hemisphere, in the direction of the constellation Tucana.  A cosmic explosion image, taken by the NASA Hubble Space Telescope, shows that in the Small Magellanic Cloud, a massive star exploded as a supernova, and its interior began to expand.

     Just below the center of the image is a greenish-blue swath of debris, a supernova remnant (SNR), abbreviated as “E0102”, the researchers named the listed location (or coordinates) of the celestial sphere.  taken from. Supernova remnant 1E0102.2-7219, which lies in the star-forming region of a Small Magellanic Cloud about 200,000 light-years from Earth and about 50 light-years from the edge of nebula N76, and this Small Magellanic Cloud was named by Heinz in 1956.  are known as.

    The E0102 supernova, determined to be only 2,000 years old, relatively young on astronomical scales, was observed in 2003 with the Hubble Advanced Camera for Surveys. Hubble’s four filters that separated light from blue, visible and infrared wavelengths and hydrogen emission were combined with oxygen emission images of the SNR taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 in 1995.

    E0102 is one such young supernova, allowing researchers to directly probe material from the cores of massive stars.  E0102 provides insight into how stars form, and the growth of chemical matter in their composition and surrounding region. Researchers believe that a young supernova explosion is a good option to better understand the physical.

  • Large smashup event between two rocky bodies suggests solar system size.

    There are many rocky bodies in our solar system, which are revolving around the Sun like the Earth, they are so many in number, that there are collisions between them, can these collisions give shape to the solar system and their planets?  The picture above shows how a massive debris cloud is created by collisions between large asteroid-sized objects.

    NASA’s Spitzer has spotted a giant debris cloud around a young star HD 166191, which astronomers say is a smash-up event between two objects. Astronomers believe that a large smashup between several rocky bodies may have shaped our solar system, because observing the event of a smashup between objects suggests that the smashup event may have shaped the solar system and the planets.  

    Observing such an accident gives clues about how often these events happen around other stars as well. Researchers say that most of the Solar System’s rocky planets and satellites, including Earth and the Moon, may have been largely formed, or were shaped, by collisions of other rocky bodies in the early history of the Solar System. In the early days of the solar system, many rocky bodies collided with each other, due to this collision the rocky bodies could split into many pieces, accumulate more material, and increase in size, or they could break into many smaller bodies.

  • Plan to map the atmospheric temperature and chemical composition of Uranus and Neptune.

    Uranus and Neptune have a fairly common composition, Uranus and Varuna have more ice in their atmospheres than Jupiter and Saturn, both of which contain water ice as well as ammonia and methane gases, so astronomers call these two planets. Put it in the category of “icy gas monster”. A team of researchers studying Uranus and Neptune will train on the upper atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune, the mysterious ice giants of the Solar System, with the help of the James Webb telescope.

    The research team plans to map the atmospheric temperature and chemical composition of Uranus and Neptune to study their circulation patterns, chemistry and weather, as all the gases in the upper atmospheres of these two planets have unique chemical evidence, and Webb Can detect chemical in gases. Scientists believe that the weather and climate of Uranus and Neptune may be very different from those of Jupiter and Saturn, Uranus and Neptune—in the far reaches of our solar system, the farther away they are, the more mysterious they are, but Researchers hope that soon after launch in 2021, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope will uncover the secrets of the atmospheres of both planets.

    The interior of Uranus and Neptune differs from that of Jupiter and Saturn, which is rich in hydrogen and helium, which is why scientists refer to Uranus and Neptune as the “gas giants”. Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System, followed by Saturn, but being intermediate in size between the gas giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the terrestrial planets, these ice giants are much smaller than their gaseous cousins.

    Uranus and Neptune represent the least explored range in the Solar System by researchers, but researchers plan to study the circulation patterns, chemistry and weather of Uranus and Neptune with the help of Webb. From this you will be able to know many secrets.

  • Webb’s critical mirror alignment phase completed successfully.

     

    After the Webb telescope’s critical mirror alignment steps were completed, the Webb team perfectly aligns and focused the telescope on the star 2MASS J17554042+6551277, which the James Webb Space Telescope team sincerely expects, that Webb’s optical performance will achieve science goals.  will meet, or perform more than expected.

    With Webb’s Optical Telescope Element operational, the Webb team performed a critical alignment phase, with every optical parameter that was tested and tested, and it is performing well above expectations.  We found no significant problems with Webb’s optical path, and no measurable contamination or obstruction, the Webb team says, adding that the Webb telescope is now able to successfully collect light from distant objects, and deliver them to its instruments. is enabled.

    We know that we have built the right telescope, says Ritva Kesky-Kuha, Webb’s deputy optical telescope element manager at NASA Goddard.

    The Webb team will proceed through the remaining escape alignment steps, with the Webb team preparing the final science instrumentation, the Webb team will incorporate the Near-Infrared Spectrograph, the Mid-Infrared Instrument, and the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph to further align the telescope, and  Also an algorithmic tool will be evaluated at this stage of the process.  The team’s objective is to achieve a well-aligned telescope in all science instruments, and calculate the final improvements needed. As the final alignment phase of the web begins, the team will adjust for minor and residual position errors in the mirror segments.

    By early May, the Webb team is on track to finish all aspects of the Optical Telescope Element alignment, with the Webb team releasing the telescope’s first full-resolution imagery and science data over the summer.

    Webb is the world’s largest space telescope, the purpose of which is to know the secrets of the universe, Webb is a space science observatory, once it is fully operational, it remains in the solar system, to solve the mysteries of the universe.  will help researchers.

  • Hercules A is one of the brightest giant galaxies in the cluster.

    With the help of the Hubble telescope and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope, researchers detected a spectacular jet driven by the gravitational energy of a supermassive black hole at the core of the elliptical galaxy Hercules A.  In the center of the picture above, we can see how the yellow elliptical galaxy appears normal enough to be seen by Hubble’s Hubble in visible wavelengths of light.

    The elliptical galaxy is about two billion light-years away from our solar system, about 1,000 times more massive than the bulge of our Milky Way, discovery suggests it contains a 2.5-billion-solar-mass central black hole,  Which is 1,000 times more massive than the black hole of our Galaxy.  But there is an innocuous 3C 348 galaxy, long positioned in the Hercules constellation, known as the brightest radio-emitting object.

    The radio wavelength of 3C 348 galaxy emits about a billion times more power than ours, making it one of the brightest extragalactic radio sources in the sky when viewed in the sky.

    An invisible jet measuring one and a half million light-years wide that dwarfs the visible galaxy, the VLA reveals this invisible giant jet optically.  A jet consists of a very high-energy plasma beam and subatomic particles, as well as a magnetic field at its center, which attracts gas and dust.  The unusual ring structures seen in the outer part of both jets, the researchers say, suggest to us the history of explosions from the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.

    The innermost parts are not visible due to the excessive velocity of the material in the jet, the relativistic effect aligns all the light with the jet, and is confined to a narrow cone, so the light cannot be seen by us.  Due to the distance from the galaxy, the jets become unstable, due to which their rings and blows break.

    All radio sources of gas that are extremely hot, surrounded by clouds of X-ray emitters, cannot be seen in the optical-radio composite.

    Hubble depicts an elliptical galaxy very close to the center of the optical-radio source, which once merged with the central galaxy.  Hubble’s data suggests that many other elliptical and spiral galaxies could be part of a group in the future, researchers say.

  • Hubble observed the energetic explosion of a newborn star.

    The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observed the energetic explosion of a newborn star, which occurs when the stellar system – gas formed from a young star in its early stages of formation – collides with objects around the star at supersonic speeds , and this collision causes it to glow. In fact, the gas formed from the young star is an incandescent jet, in which the collision of material and gas causes the jets to heat up, which appears to be energetic explosions, as well as form the colorful, faint structures that astronomer Herbig-Haro has described. objects, billing in the lower right of this image.

    The Herbig-Haro object of HH 34 was captured in spectacular detail by Hubble, first in 1994, a second time in 2007, and again in 2015, the researchers say, showing that the Herbig-Haro objects evolved and became important in just a few years. been seen to be changing. HH 34 is present in the Orion Nebula, about 1,250 light-years from Earth, a large region of star formation that is visible to the unaided eye.

    In the future, the Webb telescope will help researchers understand HH 34; the Webb telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 will examine the 4 jets of bright jets that Hubble has in a set of observations. Webb will observe at those infrared wavelengths, and will be able to peek into the dusty envelope surrounding the still-forming protostar, Webb will revolutionize the study of the jets of young stars. The data from Hubble’s observations of HH 34 will help astronomers interpret future observations with Webb.

  • Jupiter’s storm

     Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, which is a giant gas planet, it contains a lot of hydrogen and helium, most of it is in the gaseous state. Jupiter’s mass is 317 times that of Earth, scientists say, it hardly has a rocky core, but much of its radius is taken up by metallic hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, and layers of its atmosphere.

    Researchers say that if Jupiter had the same density as Earth, then its radius would be 7 times greater than that of Earth, but in reality Jupiter’s radius is 11 times greater than Earth.  Jupiter is a recognizable presence of the Solar System, as it is the only planet in the Solar System whose surface atmosphere is clearly divided into turbulent bands, below its equator is the Great Red Spot, which looks like a red eye,

    The Great Red Spot is an anticyclone, which revolves around a center of high atmospheric pressure, if such a storm forms on Earth, it will move in the opposite direction than Earth’s storms.

    The Great Red Spot, seen on Jupiter, is the largest storm in the Solar System, which is larger than Earth, with winds blowing in it hundreds of miles per hour.  The Great Red Spot was observed in 1665;  Researchers estimate that the Great Red Spot has been raging for more than 350 years, with a diameter estimated to be about 56,000 km in the late 1800s, but in 2017 NASA reported an average width of 16,000 km, the researchers said.  That is to say, the Great Red Spot is gradually shrinking over time.

    Hubble detected a new storm in 2020 from its snapshot, which scientists call a cousin of the Great Red Spot, which changed its color.  The planet is also observed by Hubble in multiple wavelengths, to give researchers insight into the height and distribution of the planet’s haze and particles, to complement visible-light imagery, which captures ever-changing cloud patterns.  it shows. Hubble is exploring the Jupiter archive to learn more about Jupiter.