InfinityCosmos

Month: September 2022

  • NASA’s DART spacecraft successfully hits asteroid in planetary defense test.

    NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) successfully completed testing of a method for planetary defense against near-Earth objects, during which the DART spacecraft collided with an asteroid, causing the asteroid to change direction,This was the NASA Space Agency’s first attempt to move to an asteroid. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is the world’s first planetary defense technology demonstration that has successfully hit an asteroid target, NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) has shown a viable mitigation technique to protect against an Earth-bound asteroid or comet.

    The mission control team at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) announced a successful impact Monday at 7:14 p.m. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson says DART represents an unprecedented breakthrough for planetary defense, and that all There is also a mission of unity with real benefit to humanity. NASA studies the universe and our home planet, Nelson says, and we’re working to protect that home as well, and international collaboration has turned science fiction into science fact,and a way to protect Earth.

    The collision of the Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) spacecraft with an asteroid.

    The DART Spacecraft has targeted the small, 530-foot (160-meter) diameter asteroid moon Dimorphos after its 10-month flight, orbiting a larger, 2,560-foot (780-meter) asteroid known as Didymos. A one-way trip from the DART spacecraft has confirmed that NASA may deliberately collide with any asteroid in the future to navigate the spacecraft, and this is known as a kinetic impact.

    The DART spacecraft and mission team will use ground-based telescopes to investigate the asteroid collision, to observe Dimorphos, and to confirm how much the DART impact affected the asteroid’s orbit around Didymos. Researchers expect the DART spacecraft to shorten Dimorphos’ orbit by about 1%, or about 10 minutes, researchers want to measure precisely, to determine how much the DART spacecraft deflected the asteroid went.

    Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, says planetary defense is a globally integrated effort, and will impact everyone living on Earth in the days to come. We now know that we can target a spacecraft with the precision necessary to impact even a small body in space, says Zurbuchen, but with only a small variation of its motion, we can get an asteroid, A significant change needs to be made in the way of travel.

    What is the Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) mission?

    On 11 April 2019, NASA announced that the DART spacecraft would be launched by SpaceX Falcon 9, and the Falcon 9 was launched on 24 November 2021, 06:21:02 UTC, and on 26 September 2022, The Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) spacecraft deliberately carried out a collision between Dimorphos. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is a NASA space mission aimed at testing a method of planetary defense against near-Earth objects (NEOs), and if an external asteroid is to hit Earth in the future.The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) has tested a method of planetary defense against extraneous objects (NEOs), with the aim of changing the path of the asteroid by spacecraft, so that the asteroid does not collide with Earth.

    Targeting two smaller objects, a set of computational algorithms has been installed on the Smart Nav Dart, which will guide and navigation systems of other spacecraft, and more recently, it has allowed Dimorphos to be independent,have been discovered, and now it will guide spacecraft in the future. The DART spacecraft, with its 1,260-pound (570-kilogram) box size, directed into Dimorphos over a final 56,000 miles (90,000 km), and crashed at about 14,000 miles (22,530 kilometers) per hour, and crashed into the asteroid Slowed down the class a bit.

    The final images of DRACO obtained by the DART spacecraft and the spacecraft a few seconds before the asteroid’s crash showed a close-up of the surface of Dimorphos, fifteen days before the impact of the Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) spacecraft from DART’s impact and was deployed to capture images of the asteroid’s resulting cloud of ejected material. The Light Italian CubeSat for Asteroid Imaging (LICIACube) is a 6-unit CubeSat of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), and LICIACube is the first purely Italian autonomous spacecraft, a part of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission,The LICIACube will analyze the crashed material after the impact of the DART spacecraft and Didymos asteroid.

    LICIACube will send images of Dart’s impact ejecta and plume to Earth, and is studying the asteroid during its flyby of the Didymos system from a distance of 55.3 km (34.4 mi), 165 seconds after Dart’s impact. A global team is observing the asteroid system to within 11 million kilometers, and dozens of telescopes located around the world and in space are being used to accurately trace Dimorphos’ orbital changes, over the coming weeks,how effectively the dart deflected the asteroid.

  • Webb telescope captured his first image of Neptune.

    The Webb telescope has captured its first image of Neptune, in this image the rings of the planet are most clearly visible, and this image of Webb captures more than 30 years of view, as well as Webb’s Cameras reveal the ice giant in a whole new light. This new image from Webb shows a crisp view of the planet’s rings, but some of these are undetected; Webb’s image clearly shows Neptune’s faint dust band in addition to several bright, narrow rings.

    Heidi B. Hammel is a planetary astronomer, in 1989 Hammel was part of the Neptune imaging team from Voyager 2, and in 1994 led the team using the Hubble Space Telescope, in 2002, Heidi B. Hammel to the James Webb Space Telescope was selected as an Interdisciplinary Scientist for Heidi B. Hammel says that the last time we saw the faint, dusty rings of Neptune was in 1989, and this is the first time we’ve seen them in infrared.

    webb allows detection of Neptune’s extremely weak rings with precise image quality, and webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) does what images in the near-infrared range from 0.6 to 5 µm, and here are the reasons, that Neptune does not appear blue in the image of the web. Webb has also captured seven of Neptune’s 14 known moons, A very bright dot is visible in the image of Neptune, taken by webb, that is not a star, but a large and unusual moon of Neptune, Which is known as Triton.

  • The Hubble Telescope captured a vivid image of the center of M77.

    A vivid image of M77’s center has been taken using visible and infrared observations by the Hubble Telescope. The red and blue stripes in this image highlight pockets of star formation along the pinwheeling arms. There are dark dust lanes around the stars in the galaxy. M77 is a spiral galaxy, it is a prime example of a Seyfert galaxy, M77 has a sharply active center, it cannot be seen, because it is obscured by gas and dust in visible light.

    The M77 galaxy is located approximately 47 million light-years from Earth, is a spiral galaxy visible in the region of the constellation Cetus, the M77 galaxy was identified as a nebula in 1780 by the French astronomer Pierre Méchen, and it One of the largest galaxies in the catalogue. M77 is most easily seen in the months of December, as M77 has an apparent magnitude of 9.6, and it is possible to see it using a small telescope.

    Messier 77 is also an active galaxy with a galactic nucleus (AGN), obscured by astronomical dust at visible wavelengths, the researchers measured the diameters of molecular disks and hot plasma associated with obscure material previously measured by VLBAs and VLAs, And then the hot dust around the nucleus was measured in the mid-infrared by the MIDI instrument at VLTI. Messier 77 is the brightest, and closest, perfect galaxy to study, it is one of the Type 2 Seyfert galaxies.

  • A spectacular spiral galaxy is being studied by the Hubble telescope.

    The NGC 1961 galaxy, located in the constellation Camelopardalis, about 200 million light-years from Earth, is a spiral galaxy with curved arms. Taken by NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, the image shows the grand spiral arms unfolding, the bright, blue regions of bright young stars reflecting the dusty spiral arms swirling around the bright center of the galaxy.

    Astronomers have followed two proposals to produce this image, the first being to study the unpublished Arp galaxies, and the second to look at the progenitors and explosions of various types of supernovae. NGC 1961 is an intermediate spiral and an AGN, or active galactic nucleus, type galaxy, the AGN being a narrow region at the center of the galaxy with exceptional luminosity, but NGC 1961 has a fairly common type of AGN, which emits less energy-charged particles.

    NGC 1961 The galaxy has become distorted, yet no companion has been observed, suggesting that NGC 1961 has merged with another double nucleus. AGN galaxies have very bright centers, and they often outshine the rest of the galaxy at certain wavelengths of light, astronomers say, suggesting that these galaxies are most likely to have supermassive black holes at their cores, and that may be responsible for their evolution, The bright jets that shape it and the winds are churning.

  • To determine the timing of a stellar explosion, so that the time of death of the star is remembered.

    When a star ends up in an explosion, the debris of that star spills over, making it often difficult for astronomers to determine the timeline of the star’s demise from the debris. How any star will end depends on its mass, when a star reaches a critical mass, then it draws matter from another star, or merges with another white dwarf. During this time, the star undergoes a thermonuclear explosion, scientists study a wide range from thermonuclear explosions to measuring the distances of galaxies to billions of light-years, known as Type Ia.

    Astronomers have studied the spectacular remnants of a supernova in a neighboring galaxy using NASA telescopes, a study that gives astronomers enough clues to understand the lifelines of exploded stars. Seen in a neighboring galaxy, the remnants of a supernova called SNR 0519-69.0 (SNR 0519 for short) are the debris from the explosion of a white dwarf star, which is spread nearby, SNR 0519 160,000 from Earth Light years away is a small galaxy located in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

    Combined image X-ray data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and optical data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope According to SNR 0519, low, medium and high-energy X-rays are shown in green, blue and purple, respectively, and some of these colors overlapping to appear white. Astronomers combined data from Chandra, Hubble and NASA’s retired Spitzer Space Telescope to determine how long ago the star in SNR 0519 exploded, helping astronomers understand when stellar evolution began and will be able to gather more information about the supernova’s atmosphere.

    Astronomers measured the speed of material in the blast wave to determine the exact time of the star’s demise miles (9 million kilometers) per hour. Astronomers estimated that if the speed was toward the upper end of those predicted speeds, the light from the explosion would have reached Earth about 670 years ago, at the time of the Hundred Years War between England and France.

    Astronomers observed the brightest region in the remnant’s X-rays, where the material is slowest moving, it is likely that the material has slowed down since the initial explosion, which astronomers believe, Happened as recently as 670 years ago. Chandra and Spitzer data provide clues the blast wave may have crashed into the dense gas around the remnant, causing the material to slow down, but astronomers can determine, with the help of additional observations with Hubble, that When should be the exact time of death of the star?

  • The region of the Magellanic Cloud where stars form has been captured by the James Webb Space Telescope.

    NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has captured the region in the Magellanic Cloud where thousands of never-before-seen, young stars are present in a stellar nursery called 30 Doradus, the region once again in space-time as cosmic Tells the story of creation. The Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy is the largest and brightest star-forming region in the Local Group, 161,000 light-years away and 340 light-years away from the Magellanic Cloud, Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) Tarantula The nebula reflects the star-forming region in a new light.

    The Tarantula Nebula has been a favorite for astronomers studying star formation, named the Tarantula Nebula due to the presence of its dusty filaments in previous telescope images, with Webb in its coming days with distant background galaxies. Will reveal the detailed composition and structure of the nebula’s gas and dust, The Tarantula Nebula is a center of star formation in the Magellanic Cloud, home to the hottest and most massive stars in our Milky Way galaxy, a dwarf galaxy bound by the gravitational force of our Milky Way galaxy.

    Astronomers have focused on the tarantula with Webb’s three high-resolution infrared instruments, as seen by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), the area appears to be home to a buried tarantula, with its silk is lined up. Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) image shows that the cavity of the concentrating nebula has been hollowed out by the radiation of a cluster of massive young stars, which glow as a light blue in the image.

    The dense regions around the Tarantula Nebula resist erosion by powerful stellar winds, which form columns, and which point back toward the cluster, forming protostars in these columns, which will eventually emerge from their dusty cocoons, and form nebulae.

    Astronomers have caught a very young star by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), previously thought astronomers may be a little older, and that it is already in the process of clearing a bubble around itself. However, as NIRSpec has shown, that the star was just beginning to emerge from its pillar, and maintained an insulating cloud of dust around it, it is not possible to reveal star formation at infrared wavelengths without high-resolution spectra.

    The region seen at infrared wavelengths by Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) instrument takes on a different form, in which hot stars fade, and cool gas and dust glow. Points of light in stellar nursery clouds point to embedded protostars, and are still gaining mass, while shorter wavelengths of light are absorbed or scattered by the dust in the nebula, so it can never reach Webb. But the longer mid-infrared wavelengths reveal a previously unseen cosmic atmosphere as soon as the dust enters.

    The Tarantula Nebula has a similar chemical composition, this chemical composition occurs in those giant star-forming regions that were observed in the “cosmic noon” of the universe, the star-forming regions in our galaxy at a rate similar to the Tarantula Nebula, But stars are not produced, because they have a different chemical composition. The tarantula could become an example for astronomers to see and understand in detail what was happening in the universe as it reached its spectacular high noon, Webb will provide astronomers with the opportunity to contrast the first observations of star formation in the future.

  • Webb took the first direct image of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b.

    The Webb telescope took its first direct image of an exoplanet, known as HIP 65426b, an image not only special to Webb, but also of astronomy, as Webb’s exoplanet image is a potential source for future observations, There are good signs. Webb used the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) to capture HIP 65426, both of which are equipped with coronagraphs, small sets of masks that block starlight,and the web is thus able to take direct images of exoplanets.

    The ways in which Webb’s different instruments capture the light cause HIP 65426b images to differ, e.g. purple shows the NIRCAM instrument’s view at 3.00 micrometers, blue shows the NIRCAM instrument’s view at 4.44 micrometers, yellow shows the MIRI instrument’s view shows, the view of the MIRI instrument at 11.4 µm and red at 15.5 µm. Webb’s exoplanet HIP 65426 b image shows in different bands of infrared light, HIP 65426 b is about six to 12 times the mass of Jupiter, where our Earth is 4.5 billion years old, while HIP 65426 is about 20 million years older than Earth.

    Sasha Hinckley, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom, who has led these observations with a large international collaboration, says Hinckley says this is a great opportunity not only for Webb, but for astronomy as well. Hinckley adds that it was really impressive, how well Webb’s coronagraphs worked to suppress the host star’s light, making it challenging to take direct images of any of the coronagraph exoplanets, that is, because the stars Its light is much brighter than that of the planets, and HIP 65426 b is also a planet that appears 10,000 times dimmer in the near-infrared than its host star.

    In 2017, a team of astronomers used the SPHERE instrument on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, and discovered the planet HIP 65426b, and took images of the planet using short-infrared wavelengths of light. Webb will reveal new details over its lifetime at longer infrared wavelengths that are not detectable by ground-based telescopes due to the intrinsic infrared brightness of Earth’s atmosphere.

  • The Hubble telescope sees the globular cluster as a gathering of stars.

    Spherical galaxies look like diamonds in a basket that are shining because of light, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has captured one such galaxy about 23,000 light-years away in the constellation Sagittarius situated at. This globular galaxy, known as Cluster NGC 6558, was captured by the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope as Cluster NGC 6558.

    NGC 6558 also consists of tens of thousands to millions of stars tightly bound in the rest of the globular cluster, a collection of stars, and they are associated with a wide range of galaxies. As we can see, that NGC 6558 is filled with stars in a rich variety of colors, and its brightest inhabitants have prominent diffraction spikes, these imaging artifacts of NGC 6558 interacting with the support system of Hubble’s secondary mirror.

    The most striking feature of globular galaxy clusters are natural laboratories where astronomers can test their theories, because all the stars in a globular cluster with similar initial compositions formed at approximately the same time, and the unique provide insight into how stars differ from each other even after they have evolved under similar conditions. Taken by Hubble, the images are part of observations examining globular clusters in the inner galaxy, as astronomers were interested in studying such globular clusters so that astronomers can gain insight into how they form.

  • Clouds can be an important component in understanding exoplanets.

    Twinkling stars and their planets in the Universe are filled with clouds of vaporized rock, and the first glimpses of wildly different environments on one of the many varieties of these exoplanets are beginning to appear, clouds of vaporized rock on exoplanets. Some say, and now NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has just begun to provide its first science images and data, and Webb’s upcoming observations include the atmospheres of the strangest exoplanets.

    One of the best ways to understand exoplanets’ atmospheres and Earth’s atmosphere will be the first direct observation of clouds, however strange and fascinating they may be, and the atmosphere of any planet tells a lot about that planet.

    Tiffany Kataria is an exoplanet scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, whose research focuses on the atmospheric composition and motion of the extraterrestrial atmosphere, uses general circulation models to understand the dynamics of super Earths and hot Jupiters, in The models can be used to directly interpret exoplanetary spectra from ground- and space-based facilities. Dr. Kataria is investigating the role of clouds and haze in the atmosphere of a sample of a hot Jupiter exoplanet, seen a few days ago with HST and Spitzer.

    Tiffany Kataria states that many minerals on Earth can condense, as a geologist would study them as rocks on Earth, but studies on an exoplanet are not easy, as minerals can form clouds on exoplanets. Hot gas giants are among the many light exoplanets confirmed in the Milky Way, and may have clouds of vaporized rock because they orbit so close to their stars that their atmosphere must have been terribly hot.

    Planetary clouds tell us a lot about the chemistry in the atmosphere, says Kataria, but it becomes a question of how clouds form, and what contribute to the formation and evolution of the entire system. The Webb telescope has many capabilities, including “spectroscopy”, a branch of physics that studies the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by matter, and allows researchers to learn about the internal structure of matter.

    Webb telescope splits the light coming from distant planets into a spectrum, after which the light appears like a rainbow, thus allowing scientists to read the types of molecules present in an exoplanet’s environment. Webb has the ability to detect specific types of minerals in exoplanet clouds, and scientists can search for a habitable planet by studying exoplanet clouds in detail where there is evidence of a potentially life-giving planet, such as Earth, Like on a small rocky world.

    Clouds effect on the temperature of any planet, as Earth’s temperature is controlled by clouds, clouds hold an important feature on Earth, clouds are an important contributor to planets. If climate is an important consideration for Earth, clouds may also be an important component in the atmosphere of habitable exoplanets, so much we know not how clouds form on Earth, but how clouds evolved in the atmosphere of exoplanets.

    Kataria says that investigating the hearts of exoplanet clouds could bring together experts from many scientific fields, as they seek to understand the origin, evolution and atmosphere of other planets in our galaxy.