Month: February 2021

There is a black hole located in the area of ​​the swan constellation in the sky from the Earth’s surface, known as Cygnus X-1, it was first estimated that it is about 6,070 light years away from our solar system, its mass is its mass in the sun.  Is 14.8 times its mass. But new research suggests that Cygnus X-1 is about 7,200 light years away from Earth, implying that the star in Cygnus X-1 is also brighter, and therefore astronomers believe, Cygnus X-1  Too big.

If a star near Cygnus X-1 weighs about 40.6 suns, as researchers had estimated, a black hole would have to be more massive to explain its gravitational tug on such a massive star.  Scientists say the black hole weighs about 21.2 suns – much higher than the previously estimated 14.8 solar masses.

According to an online report by astronomers on February 18, if the star-shaped or stellar in the Milky Way is large enough for a black hole, its parent star must have less mass through stellar winds.

It is important for us to know how much the stars near black holes lose their mass through stellar winds during their lifetime, it is important to understand how these stars enrich their surroundings with heavy elements.  It is important for us to understand the mass and composition of stars, when they explode, and leave behind black holes.

University of Amsterdam Astronomy The updated, large-scale measurement of the Cygnus X-1, says Tana Joseph, “is a major change to an old favorite. Stephen Hawking told the famous physical physicist Kip Thorne, that the Cygnus X-1 system, called 1964 , It was not a black hole – and accepted the stakes in 1990, when scientists broadly accepted that Cygnus X-1 was the first known black hole.

When astronomers used the VLBA or the much longer Cygnus baseline array, they got a facelift in Cygnus X-1. In 2016, astronomers tracked the Cygnus X-1 black hole for 6 days using the VLBA (the time it took for the black hole and its companion stars to orbit each other).  Those observations offered a clear view of how the position of a black hole in space shifted during its orbit.

The new mass measurement for Cygnus X-1’s black hole is such a big problem, says Cothor Ilya Mandel, an astrophysicist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, that challenging the understanding of stars to create massive black holes  Gives.

Kothor Ilya Mandel states, “Sometimes stars are born with a very high mass, – it contains observations of stars born with a mass of 100 solar masses, but turning such massive stars into black holes  Before it is thought to reduce its weight through stellar winds. Astronomers say that the larger the star and the heavier the elements, the stronger its stellar winds. The larger element-rich galaxies like the Milky Way, Large stars – regardless of their initial mass – are believed to shrink to about 15 solar masses before collapsing into a black hole.

The Orbital Flight Test-2 to be launched on April 2, but NASA and Boeing have not yet set targets for the International Space Station, while carrying the CST-100 Starliner to its flight test before taking the astronauts to the International Space Station  Successfully completed, apart from this, the CST-100 Starliners remain focused on the safety and quality of spacecraft.

Preparations are underway for unplanned flight testing of the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft, the test team will be focused on the safety and quality of the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft, and Boeing Company is ready to prove the system, so that astronauts  As part of NASA’s commercial crew program, the space station could be prepared to fly to and from it.

Teams want more time for CST-100 Starliner spacecraft and hardware processing, so teams are adjusting the launch date. The company recently replaced avionics units that were affected as a result of the power surge due to a ground support equipment configuration issue during the last checkout.

Steve Stich is the manager of NASA’s commercial crew program, which he says is continuing to work with NASA and Boeing to prepare for this first mission of 2021. Boeing and NASA teamwork is exceptional on all aspects of flight preparation, including final certification, threat analysis and software testing.

After the completion of the formal software tests, Boeing will be ready to fly, now it is to be seen that there is no disturbance during the test.  Boeing Company is set to conduct end-to-end mission rehearsals, using high-fidelity flight hardware and final flight software to ensure readiness of the team and combined systems. Identified by NASA and the Boeing Independent Review Team, approximately 95% of the recommendations have been met, which was formed in December 2019 after anomalies during the company’s first uncapped orbital flight test.

 Successful Landing of Persistence Rover and Ingenuity Mars Helicopter to Mars, Successful Touchdown in Mission Control in NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at 3:55 pm was confirmed, taken by Perseverance Rover, first image shows,  That Perseverance Rover is perfectly fine, and is ready to travel to Mars. NASA Science Associate Administrator Thomas Zurbuchen says that due to the exciting events of today, it is another step for the first sample from carefully documented locations on another planet to return to Earth.

On July 30, 2020, the Fortitude Rover was launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, and on February 9, the Fortitude Rover successfully entered Mars orbit. The Perseverance Rover is designed to explore an ancient river delta called the Jazero Crater, the Perseverance Rover with its 2,263-pound (1,026 kg) robotic geologist and astrobiologist in his two-year ‘Gizero Crater’ The test will have to undergo several weeks before starting the science investigation.

The Perseverance Rover will examine the reef and sediments of the ancient lakebed and river delta of Jezero, to mark the geology of the region and the climate of the past, the purpose of this investigation is to promote astronomy, with signs of ancient microbes  The search is also included. The Mars sample Returncampage, being planned by NASA and ESA (European Space Agency), will allow scientists on Earth to study samples collected strongly to discover definite signs of past life using instruments.

The Perseverance Rover equipped with seven elementary science equipment, and sent to Mars with more cameras, such a complex sample caching system – the first sent into space, the Zzero region for fossilized remains of ancient microscopic Martian life from the Perseverance Rover  Will scour

Mastcam-Z is an advanced camera system with panoramic and stereoscopic imaging capabilities as well as zooming capability. This device will assist in determining the mineralogy of the Martian surface as well as the rover operation.

Mastcam-Z is an advanced camera system with panoramic and stereoscopic imaging capabilities as well as zooming capability. This device will assist in determining the mineralogy of the Martian surface as well as the rover operation.

Supercam, which can help provide imaging, chemical composition analysis and mineralogy. It is capable of analyzing distant objects, such as rocks and will help detect the presence of organic compounds in the regolith.

Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry (PIXL) Lithochemistry designed for the Persistence Rover as part of the Mars 2020 mission, it is an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer that provides information on the surface of Mars with a fundamental structure  Will determine, predictably, that PIXL will provide capabilities allowing more detailed detection and analysis of chemical elements than ever before.

For Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC), it will scan the habitable environment with Raman and Luminescence, an ultraviolet Raman spectrometer, the spectrometer uses an ultraviolet (UV) laser to determine the level of mineralogy and detect organic compounds. SHERLOC is the first UV Raman spectrometer to fly on the surface of Mars, which will provide complementary measurements with other instruments in the payload, SHERLOC includes a high-resolution color camera for microscopic imaging of the surface of Mars.

The Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE), an exploration technology testing system, will produce oxygen from Martian atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) is a set of sensors that will provide measurements of temperature, wind speed and direction, pressure, relative humidity, and dust size molecules.

Mars’ subsurface experiment (RIMFAX) is for radar imager, which will provide centimeter-scale resolution of a geological structure.

A primary objective for the mission of persistence on Mars is astronomy research, which involves the discovery of signs of ancient microbial life. The Persistence Rover will mark the geology and past climate of Mars, the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regoliths, paving the way for human exploration of the Red Planet.

About 32,000 light-years from Earth is a bipolar planetary nebula, known as M1-63, located in the small southern constellation of Scutum.

Astronomers believe that such a nebula is formed when the star in its center sheds a large amount of material from its outer layers, leaving a brilliant cloud of gas and dust. At the center of the dipole nebula is a binary system of stars, capable of forming butterfly-like shapes.

This is because the material of the shedding star is funneled towards its poles, with the help of a companion, the nebula forms a typical double-lobed structure, such as M1-63.

NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope filters image M1-63 through F200W, F350W, F502W, and F814w, new image of M1-63 shows ultraviolet, near-infrared and optical parts of the spectrum in Hubble’s wide field. This is illustrated with the help of Camera 3 (WFC3) comments.